Allan Kardec (1804–1869), born Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail, was a French educator and the codifier of Spiritism. A disciplined scholar and follower of Pestalozzi, he initially approached the “turning tables” phenomenon of the 1850s with scientific skepticism. Rigorous investigation led him to recognize intelligent communications from the spirit world.Using the pen name revealed by the spirits themselves, he published landmark works beginning with The Spirits’ Book (1857), establishing Spiritism as a doctrine that unites science, philosophy, and morality, centered on reincarnation, spiritual evolution, and the practice of charity. Kardec never claimed revelation—only methodical organization of teachings received through mediums worldwide. His legacy remains a rational path to immortality and universal brotherhood.
